The expression of human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) gene is finely regulated at the levels of both transcription and post-transcription. The transcriptional regulation involves some cis-active elements,such as the CATT(A/T) repeat sequence, GC-rioh sequence，CK-1, CK-2，kB specific sequence and inducible CsA-sensitive enhancer, which are all located in the 5'-untranscriptional region of the hGM-CSF gene.At the post-tanscriptional level,a 62bp AU-rich sequence located at 3'-untranslation region of the mRNA is related to the stability of hGM-CSF mRNA. These mechanisms can up or down regulate the production of hGM-CSF when the cells receive the singnals from the stimuli of cytokines and other stimulating factors.