Using acridine orange as fluorescence probe for DNA in cell, measurements of cellular DNA contents of four cases of human breast tumor were done by the system of Hadamard transform microscopic image analysis and conventional microfluorometry respectively, and the analytical results were compared. The results by the two methods are in agreement and both are concordant with pathological diagnosis. It shows that the new instrument for quantitative cytological analysis-Hadamard transform microscopic image analysis system, can provide precise analytical results as that by microfluorometer. In addition, the instrument has outstanding advantages such as high signal to noise ratio, the capability of analyzing two cells or more simultaneously and subtracting background signal synchronously.