A biomimetic synthesis based on biomineralization principles leads to the development of new strategies in material science and biotectonics. Mollusk biomineralization is a process of nucleation and growth of inorganic crystals controlled by biological macromolecules, also is a process of inorganic-organic and inorganic-inorganic molecular recognition. The latest progress in studies on the characteristics of macromolecules and molecular recognition involved in mollusk biomineralization is reviewed.