In order to investigate its alteration in the molecular events and early carcinogenesis mechanism of esophageal epithelium cell in the high incidence area of esophageal cancer, content of DNA，telomerase and multi-gene p53，p16，cyclin D1 expression in esophageal precancerous cell were quantitative detected by flow cytometry with indirect immunofluorescence technique and DNA propidium iodide fluorescence staining methods. The detected results showed the DNA content increased singnificantly and the heteroploid rate was 87.9% in occurred carcinogenesis. The p53 protein accumulated and p16 was deleted in the early carcinogenesis of esophagus. The positive rate of p53 was 100%(5/5) in the cancea group. The telomerase and oncogene cyclin D1 were overexpression in the cancer group and their positive rates were 100%(respectively 6/6,7/7), the results indicate that DNA content and heteroploid rate increased, tumor suppressor gene p16 deleted and p53 protein accumulated while telomerase and cyclin D1 protein overexpressed in the early carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelium. There were multiple molecular events occurred when the esophageal carcinoma happened.