Universality as one of the fundarmental features for genetic codes has been known since its proposal. But some extraodinary conditions have been discovered recently. Mitochondria use one set of genetic codes for different meaning and some nonsense codes which should have the meaning to stop translation may redefined. UGA may be redefined as selenocysteine. Results of recent research showed that some amber codens are translated as a sense coden for the 22nd natural amino acid, pyrrolysine.
MING Zhen-Huan, ZHONG Li-Ren. The 22nd Amino Acid and The Redefinition of Nonsense Coden[J]. Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics,2002,29(6):831-833
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