Recently the research of vaccines and drugs against anthrax is one of hot spots. The efficacy of anthrax vaccines and drugs can't be experimented in human, therefore the testing model is very important. The cell models mainly include CHO and J774A.1. Now, various kinds of animals including mice, rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates were experimented as animal models. Because the models are different, the results of experiments are significantly different, sometimes they are contrary. Many experiments of Bacillus anthracis in different cell and animal models are reviewed, and the principles of choosing animal models of anthrax are discussed. In order to analyze the different results of experiments in different models, the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis and the researching progress of anthrax vaccines and drugs are also simply introduced.