In previous study, our group have found that there is a significant increased level of miR-122 in the serum of ob/ob mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Here, we further investigated the role of miR-122 targeting AldoA in the liver of ob/ob mice. First, a significant decrease of miR-122 level and a notable increase of AldoA expression was found in the liver of the ob/ob mice. Second, mature miR-122 was transfected into 293T cells and then MVs isolated from 293T cells were collected; qRT-PCR was applied to confirm that miR-122 was rich in MVs. Third, specific fluorescent dye DiI-C₁₈-labeled MVs were injected intravenously into BALB/c mice; the frozen section of liver was observed through fluorescent microscopy. Finally, miR-122 targeting AldoA in the metabolism of ob/ob mice was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. AldoA mainly catalysed the transformation between dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate and fructose 1, 6 - bisphosphate in glycolytic pathway. MiR-122 may play an important role in the pathologenesis of ob/ob mice through AldoA pathway.