microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with about 22 nucleotides. miRNAs are widely expressed in eukaryote and can post-transcriptionally control genes expression by blocking translation or inducing degradation through partial base-pair complementarity with their target mRNAs. Recent findings show that miRNAs are essential for lifespan determination in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), Drosophila, mice and human by targeting many aging related pathways. In this review, we summarize the recent literatures on various regulatory roles of miRNAs during aging. We introduce the pathways that function in the aging process and highlight how certain miRNAs regulate aging and aging related diseases through these pathways at the levels of organism lifespan, tissue aging and cellular senescence. Finally, we discuss future perspectives on the study of the mechanisms by which miRNAs modulate aging processes.