In order to investigate the role of inferior colliculus (IC) neurons in Pratt's roundleaf bats' Doppler-shift compensation (DSC)，we recorded the responses of IC neurons to the echoes by using simulated pulse-echo pairs of bats' DSC. According to the recovery rate of neural responses to echo signals at different frequency shifts of DSC, neurons were classified into two types: selective neurons (S neurons) whose recovery rate was more than 70% at some specific frequency shifts of DSC and non-selective neurons (NS neurons) whose recovery rate was less than 70% at any frequency shifts of DSC. Further analysis revealed that the proportion of S neurons of harmonic neurons (68%) was greater than the non-harmonic neurons (39%), and firing patterns of most harmonic S neurons was phasic (44.3%). Although the intensity-latency curves were similar in S and NS neurons，the harmonic neuron's best amplitude (BA) of the functions in S neurons (95.3 ± 14.0 dB SPL) were notably lower than NS neurons (104.1 ± 10.2 dB SPL) (P < 0.01) ，and there was a very significant difference in BA between the S neurons of harmonic and non-harmonic neurons (95.3 ± 14.0 vs 109.7 ± 7.9 dB SPL, P < 0.01). These results suggested that there is a clear division of labour in IC neurons processing and analyzing echo information during the DSC. S neurons which concentrated in the harmonics can effectively encode the echo information and avoid disturbances of other clutter information by increasing the recovery rate of responses to echo under specific frequency shifts of DSC. And the characteristics of firing patterns and intensity-latency functions of S neurons of harmonic neurons were different than other neurons，which met the need in precise acoustic imaging at complex environments.