Atherosclerosis is a kind of pathological process characterised by lipid metabolic disorder, which is one of the greatest threats to public health. With the development of genetics and bioinformatics research, non-coding sequences, once considered useless, gradually are getting the attention of the researchers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in biological processes, such as dosage compensation, genetic imprinting and cell cycle control. LncRNAs have effects on growth, metabolism and aging through epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation and posttranscriptional. Accumulating studies indicate that lncRNAs are involved in the progresses of injury and repair of endothelial cell, migration and invasion of smooth muscle cell, lipid loading and inflammatory response in macrophages, lipid deposition and the formation of plaques, which affect the progression of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.