Microcirculation dysfunction is regarded as one of important pathologies of senility, degeneration, immune disorder and many other diseases. Cerebral circulation insufficiency, energetic dysmetabolism, hypoxia-ischemia and metabolites accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have a close relation with microcirculation dysfunction. Here, we review microcirculation dysfunction playing an important role in hyperphosphorylation of Tau, Aβ aggregation and cognitive impairment induced by accumulation of formaldehyde and D-ribose.