In order to study the effects and mechanisms of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) on invasion and migration in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cell line)，the empty vectors (pCMV/cyto/myc) and recombinant vectors (pCMV/cyto/myc-M-CSF) were transfected into HeLa cells to establish the stable cell line with high expression of cytoplasmic M-CSF (HeLa-M cells). Transwell tests were used to observe the effect of cytoplasmic M-CSF on the cell invasion and migration. MMP-2 activity was detected by gelatin zymography assay. The expression of mRNA and protein was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The results showed that the high expression of cytoplasmic M-CSF significantly enhanced the ability of invasion and migration ability in HeLa cells, compared with the empty vector transfected HeLa cells (HeLa-C cells) and the control group (HeLa cells). Our findings suggested that the mechanisms were closely related to the expressions of Rho GTPases (Rac1、cdc42), and the increasing activity and expression of MMP2.