Alzheimer"s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which is a serious threat to human health. Epidemiological studies show that the females are related to the higher risk of AD incidence. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the regularity and characteristics of AD in view of gender difference in AD pathogenesis. This article summarizes the sex difference in the pathogenesis of AD and the related factors involved in sex-dependent AD incidence, and discusses the progress of the research on the prevention and treatment of AD based on the gender difference, hopefully providing new approach for AD therapy.