Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can impair cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and executive control, and induce the abnormality of brain activity and functional connectivity between brain regions. Although pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy can achieve a certain degree of therapeutic effects, there are problems such as side effects and delayed onset of action. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has attracted more and more attention as a new intervention method for posttraumatic stress disorder. Here we systematically review the studies of the effects of TMS in the intervention of PTSD and the regulation of cognitive function and brain activity. The issues of TMS in the intervention of PTSD were discussed, including the stimulation pattern, the stimulation target and the efficacy evaluation. In the future, the intervention programs with long-term clinical improvement can be explored by applying more effective techniques for precise targeting, establishing integrative and effective evaluation systems, and combining new memory theories.