InflammationSis a defense mechanism that protects human body from harmful stimuli. However, uncontrolled inflammationScan lead to damage to tissues locally or systemically. Studies, including ours, have shown that Chinese traditional medicines (CTM) exert significant anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of cAMP-PDEs activity. We aimed to provide an overview of cAMP-mediated modulatory effects of cAMP-PDEs-selective CTM on key proteins of inflammatory signaling pathways, mainly involving inhibition of NF-κB, MAPKs (p38, ERK, or JNK), TLR, MyD88, and STAT3, and activation of Nrf2, HO-1, AMPK, and PPARγ. Among them, inhibition of NF-κB is the most important way to play anti-inflammatory roles for all cAMP-PDEs-selective CTM.