The main functions of terminally differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells are contracting vessel, regulating vessel diameter and blood pressure, etc. Under the action of hyperphosphatemia, hyperglycemia, vitamin D₃, inflammation and other factors, vascular smooth muscle cells are transformed into osteoblast-like cells to participate in vascular calcification, which induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events. Non-coding RNA is a general term for a variety of RNA types that transcribed from the human genome but lacking the ability to encode proteins. Non-coding RNA participates in the body's physiological and pathological processes by regulating various cell activities. Studies have shown that non-coding RNA can affect the occurrence and development of vascular calcification by regulating the osteoblast-like phenotype transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. This article reviews the regulatory role of non-coding RNA in osteoblast-like phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle and vascular calcification from the aspects of microRNA, long non-coding RNA and circular RNA, which is helpful to further understand the molecular mechanism of vascular calcification and find new targets for the prevention and treatment of vascular calcification.