Background: The continuous development of deep space exploration, the potential threat of war, and the occurrence of nuclear accidents increase our exposure to irradiation. Irradiation-induced neuroinflammation is one of the important aspects. The occurrence of neuroinflammation is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer"s disease (AD) and Parkinson"s disease (PD). The development of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects has positive implications for irradiation-induced damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine dragon"s blood has a good effect on the treatment of radiation-induced neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the role of dragon"s blood in reducing oxidative stress levels, expression of related inflammatory factors, and mitochondrial damage. At the same time, we propose that endogenous neurotoxins may aggravate brain-induced neuroinflammation which might be alleviated by dragon"s blood.