Catch bond is a type of dynamic bond that exists in receptor protein and ligand interactions. The bond lifetime of catch bond is positively correlated with the pN-level external force that applied onto it within a certain range. Catch bond is mainly involved in cell adhesion and cell activation processes and it forms molecular switch with slip bond to regulate cell adhesion related cell activities. Catch bond has proven link with the urinary tract infection process that initiated by the pathogenic E. coli, T cell receptor-antigen recognition, microfilament depolymerization and Notch signaling pathway activation. This review summarized the progresses and new findings of catch bond research in cell adhesion, T cell activation, actin interaction. For cell adhesion of prokaryotes and eukaryote, catch bonds exist in a wide range of related proteins, including FimH, selectin, integrin. For T cell activation, recent research revealed that the catch bond in TCR-pMHC interaction is closely related to cancer cell development processes and this finding provides a new direction in improving T cell receptor-gene engineered T cells (TCR-T) immunotherapy. For actin interaction, the actin catch bond has been proven involving in RhoA-formin switch force-induced actin cytoskeleton alignment process. To further illustrate the prospect of catch bonds in medical research, we also discussed the potential of catch bonds in the development of anti-bacterial or anti-adhesion drugs and improvement for the TCR-T immunotherapy.