Malignant tumors had always been one of the main diseases endangering human life and health. The development of nano-drugs had the huge potential to ameliorate the prognosis of malignant tumors, particularly by modifying the surface of nanoparticles with cell membranes, it was possible to obtain effective malignant tumor treatment. Biomimetic modification of cell membrane was an emerging way that enabled nanoparticles new biological functions by coating different cell membranes on the surface of the nanoparticles. Many studies had shown that cell membrane biomimetic modified nanoparticles retained the complex biological functions of natural cell membrane while displayed physicochemical properties that were suitable for effective drug delivery. They prolonged blood circulation time and exhibited lower immunogenicity compared to traditional synthetic nano-drug delivery systems. Modified nanoparticles cross various biological barriers and even posessed specific tumor targeting as well. Based on these properties, cell membrane biomimetic modified nanoparticles emerged an ideal drug delivery system for tumor therapy. In this paper, we summarized the recent progress of cell membrane biomimetic modified nanoparticles for tumor therapy and discussed their characteristics which included: excellent immune escaping property; high drug-loading capacity; specifity of tumor targeting; outstanding penetrability for blood brain barrier. Then, the protocols of preparing cell membrane biomimetic modified nanoparticles and characterization analysis were briefly introduced. At last, we demonstrated the positive roles of cell membrane biomimetic modified nanoparticles on tumor-targeting therapy, tumor photothermal therapy, and tumor immunotherapy. This review provided guiding rules of methodology and theoretical basis for studying cell membrane biomimetic modified nanoparticles in tumor therapy.