Enteric glial cells are distributed in the mucosa, submucosa and muscular layer of the digestive tract, and are characterized by extensive heterogeneity and plasticity. The mucosal layer is most close to the intestinal cavity and vulnerable to pathogen and inflammation, thus mucosal homeostasis has attracted much attention. Mucosal enteric glial cells (mEGCs) have complex interactions with intestinal epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, immune cells and other nonneuronal cells. From the perspective of structure and function, the intestinal glial cells may be in a central regulatory position. Recent studies have continuously revealed mEGCs subtypes and new functions, indicating that mEGCs has functional changes under pathological conditions. It is critical to understand how mEGCs cause mucosal dysfunction and their role in disease development. This article will summarize the role of mEGCs in maintaining mucosal homeostasis and regulating inflammation.