The problem of protein folding has been one of the frontiers of biological research. Disruption of proteostasis is closely related to ageing and the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. The correct folding of proteins and proteostasis largely depend on the complex network including molecular chaperones. Many studies have shown that antibodies can act as molecular chaperones to promote proper protein folding and prevent abnormal protein aggregation. The strict substrate specificity gives them the potential to be used to treat specific protein-misfolding diseases and to help refolding of inclusion bodies. This paper briefly introduces the progress of research on molecular chaperones, elaborates the research progress of antibodies and single-chain fragment variable antibodies with chaperone function, and discusses on the recent research status of antibodies which can inhibit protein aggregation.