Abstract:干细胞作为一种具有再生各种组织器官潜能的组织细胞，在器官移植、细胞治疗、组织工程、生殖医学等多个领域的基础研究与临床应用前景广泛。干细胞研究已经成为国内外生物学研究的热点，并且是我国“十二五”期间重点支持的研究领域。为促进国家干细胞研究领域的发展，我国政府于2011年10月专门成立了国家干细胞研究指导协调委员会，以统一指导和协调我国干细胞研究领域的发展。中国科学院从2011年启动“干细胞与再生医学”先导专项，对“十二五”期间中国科学院干细胞领域的专项研究进行了重点部署。
随着科研投入力度的加大，近年来我国干细胞研究进展迅速，许多研究成果已经走在世界前沿。本刊对干细胞领域的研究也十分关注，2009年以来共发表有关论文20余篇，涉及到干细胞分化、造血干细胞、肿瘤干细胞、神经干细胞及重编程研究等多个研究方向。为促进对该领域现状及发展的了解，本期汇集了3篇述评和1篇研究论文，作为干细胞研究专题发表，以飨读者。本专题对诱导性多能干细胞、体细胞重编程、干细胞遗传操作技术等3个方面的现状和发展进行了评述，并报道了间充质干细胞成骨分化机理方面的研究成果，反映了目前干细胞研究的一个侧面。刘光慧等主要评介了基于人多潜能干细胞的人类疾病机理与治疗研究的进展，分析了该领域研究成果为人类疾病的发病机制研究和再生医学治疗带来的革命性突破。张毅等简要概括了体细胞重编程的主要方法, 并重点评介了细胞提取物处理技术的研究进展，初步阐明该技术的原理和机制，为其应用奠定基础。孟姝总结了大鼠胚胎干细胞遗传操作技术的研究进展，基于大鼠胚胎干细胞的基因敲除模型的建立，将在揭示基因的生理功能、研究人类疾病的遗传机制以及寻找新药物靶标的过程中发挥更加重要的作用。袁军等研究发现，BMP9可通过p38激酶途径调控间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化，进一步揭示了BMP9诱导和调控间充质干细胞成骨分化的机理。
本刊欢迎和期待更多、更好的有关干细胞研究的来稿，以更广泛和深入地促进我国干细胞研究领域的学术交流。

Abstract:Human pluripotent stem cells including embryonic stem cell (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) are able to differentiate into various somatic cell types in the body. Successful gene targeting in hESC/hiPSC enables not only to correct human diseases-associated mutations prior to clinical transplantation but also genetic engineering of human genome for basic research. By using the genetically modified hESC/hiPSC, biologists and physicians have found a way to study the pathogenesis and mechanism of human diseases, screen for novel drugs, and develop relevant therapeutic strategies. The combination of stem cell biology and gene editing technology will open a new avenue to advance the understanding of human diseases and develop related therapies.

Abstract:Cellular reprogramming described a switch of one kind of cell to that of another unrelated cell type by specific methods, which included mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, induction of pluripotency by ectopic gene expression, and cell-free extract treatment. Now, more and more researches have proved that cell extract treatment is an important strategy of cellular reprogramming, thus the mechanism and the applicative prospect of this technology are summarized in this review.

Abstract:The successful establishment of rat ES cell lines enables possible genetic manipulation in rats. Using homologous recombination to modify ES cell genes provides a foundation to temporal and tissue-specific knockout rats. In this review, the author introduces the establishment process of rat ES cell, summarizes its culture and identification skills, and analyzes the weakness and strength of various rat knockout techniques. In the context of increasing research on stem cell, knockout technology based on rat ES cells, which allows the most efficient modification of specific genes, shall contribute more to elucidate gene function, dissect the genetic mechanisms of human diseases and identify potential targets for drug development.

Abstract:In the previous reports, bone morphogenetic protein 9(BMP9) has shown potent function to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, however, the underlying molecular mechanism of osteogenesis induced by BMP9 is needed to be deep explored. BMP9 was introduced into C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells by recombinant adenoviruses protocol, then, in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to evidence whether BMP9 can induce osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells through p38 kinase pathway. The results showed that BMP9 can activate p38 kinase through increasing the phosphorylated form of p38 kinase. P38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 can inhibit the ALP activity, OPN expression and calcium deposition of C3H10T1/2 cells induced by BMP9. Furthermore, SB203580 also led to inhibition of canonical Smad pathway activated by BMP9. Moreover, when p38 kinase was silenced by RNA interference in C3H10T1/2 cells, BMP9-induced ALP activity, OPN expression，calcium deposition and in invo ectopic bone formation were accordingly inhibited along with knockdown of p38 kinase. Taken together, those results intensively suggested that BMP9 can induce and regulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through activating p38 kinase pathway.

Abstract:2010 has seen rapid progress in stem cell research in China. Not only the major funding agencies had provided extensive funding to stem cell research, the publications by Chinese stem cell biologists also flourished in top-notch scientific journals. In this special review, we highlighted some recent studies that had been published in Science China Life Sciences and Cell Research, two key SCI journals based in China. Not surprisingly, these studies mainly focused on some of the highly pursued stem cell types: embryonic stem cells (ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
1 Research on embryonic stem cells
ES cells are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and are capable of infinite self-renewal and differentiation into various cell lineages within the three germ layers. A fundamental question in stem cell biology is what are the molecular mechanisms underlying lineage specifications along the developmental process. To study the transition of cell fate from A to B, it is important to use a system that can monitor the cell identity in an accurate and timely manner. Ho et al. found that, compared with protein markers and gene expression profiling, a change in the cell signaling network more sensitively reflects cell fate transition during the early differentiation of mouse ES cells[1]. In this study, the authors compared the mouse ES cells with the 2-day embryoid bodies (EBs) in terms of expression of stem cell markers (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog etc.) as well as the cell signaling networks in response to extracellular stimuli, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8). mRNA levels of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog and protein levels of Oct4 were not significantly different between mouse ES cells and up to 4-day EBs. Using phospho-specific antibody arrays and Western blot, the authors examined the activity of 8 signaling nodes (Erk1/2, p38, Akt1/2, Gsk3α/β, Stat3, β-catenin, Smad1, and Smad2) that play critical roles in mouse ES cell functionality, and found a clear difference in the signaling network status between ES cells and 2-day EBs when probed with LIF or FGF8 stimulation. The authors proposed that the cell signaling network may represent a fundamental characteristic of a cell and can more precisely reveal the cell identity and predict the cell behavior under certain perturbations. However, a drawback of this system is that it is based on the examination of a population of heterogeneous cells and cannot monitor cell fate at a single cell level, which could be very instrumental in studying the very early embryo development. In addition, live cell staining with specific markers may also be preferred when real time dynamics of a cell needs to be studied.
One important component of the signaling network in a stem cell is TGF-β family signaling, which plays crucial roles in the regulation of ES cell self-renewal and differentiation[2]. In an article published by Fei and Chen, the authors summarized the roles of TGF-β family (TGF-β, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Activin and Nodal) in different aspects of an ES cell behavior that includes self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance, as well as ES cell differentiation into the ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal and trophectodermal lineages. Particularly, Chen et al. found that Smad2-mediated Activin/Nodal signaling is dispensable for the self-renewal of mouse ES cells, but is critical for the mesendodermal differentiation, with Tapbp as a key downstream player[3].
In another study published by Bai et al.[4], the authors attempted different approaches to promote cardiomyocyte differentiation from human ES cells, and found that treatment with 0.1 mmol/L ascorbic acid alone, or more notably in combination with 10 μmol/L 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, can dramatically increase the number of beating clusters within EBs —— a readout for cardiomyocyte specification.
A study reported by Li's lab[5] demonstrated an interesting correlation between the metabolic properties and the states of chicken embryonic stem cells. Li et al. found that undifferentiated chicken ES cells maintain a high glycogen level by directing glucose flux towards the glycogenic pathway. However, upon the commencement of differentiation programs, the metabolism is switched from a glycogenic to a glycolytic pathway, suggesting that the cellular level of glycogen may indicate a chicken ES cell state. In addition, supply with glucose-6-phosphate can enhance the survival of chicken ES cells in vitro.
2 Research on induced pluripotent stem cells
iPSCs are pluripotent cells derived from a non-pluripotent cell, normally a somatic cell, by forced expression of defined factors. iPSCs are similar to natural ES cells in many aspects and meanwhile retain almost identical genetic information of donor cells and can also avoid the controversial use of embryos[6-7]. Through tetraploid complementation assay, Zhou et al. showed that iPSCs can produce viable mice, which confirms the true pluripotency of iPSCs and opens a new avenue for animal cloning[8]. However, only a very small fraction of mouse iPSCs can pass the tetraploid complementation test and give rise to live offspring. To increase the efficiency of animal cloning, Zhou et al. combined the two approaches, iPSC and nuclear transfer (NT) techniques[9]. While no mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF)-NT (nuclei of MEF transferred to enucleated metaphase Ⅱ oocytes) embryos developed into live animals, about 1% of iPSC-NT embryos gave rise to live mice. This combined approach may provide a new route to obtaining cloned animals from resistant donor species and facilitate the generation of transgenic animal models.
A drawback of the iPSC technique when it was first reported by Yamanaka et al. was the low efficiency[10]. To induce mouse iPS cells, MEFs can be used as the start cells and be infected with virus encoding the "Yamanaka factors", Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. After that, the infected MEFs are cultured on feeder cells in the induction medium until the iPSC colonies emerge. Mouse ES cell growth medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used as the induction medium to facilitate the reprogramming process of MEFs. Zhou et al. found that replacement of FBS with 20% of knockout serum replacement (KOSR), a commercially available supplement, can significantly accelerate the reprogramming process, as well as augment the efficiency by more than 200 fold (~24% with KOSR versus ~0.1% with FBS at Day 20 post-infection)[11]. In addition, the iPS cells obtained by this method are of good quality and possess full developmental potentials including germ-line contribution in chimeric mice and full-term development of tetraploid complementation embryos.
3 Research on neural stem cells
In vertebrates, gastrulation creates an embryo with three germ layers. The interaction between the dorsal mesoderm and the overlying ectoderm directs the ectoderm to form the hollow neural tube, which will differentiate into the brain and spinal cord. Epigenetic regulation has been shown to play important roles in the development of the nervous system. In a recent report, Chen et al. discovered a new histone demethylase, KIAA1718 (KDM7A), which is specific for histone H3 lysine 9 and lysine 27 —— two epigenetic marks associated with transcription repression. Expression of KIAA1718 increases along with the neural differentiation of mouse ES cells and knockdown of KIAA1718 blocks such neural differentiation. Chen et al. also identified FGF4 as the direct target of KIAA1718 that mediates the pro-neural differentiation effect[12].
NSCs have been successfully isolated from various regions of the embryonic central nervous system[13]. However, whether NSCs can be isolated from the embryonic peripheral nervous system has not been completely explored. Gu et al. attempted to answer this question by using fetal rat dorsal root ganglia[14]. The progenitor-like cells isolated from dorsal root ganglia resemble neural crest progenitors. Such cells formed neurospheres and generated secondary and tertiary spheres by cloning assays, and could also give rise to neurofilament-expressing neurons and S100-expressing Schwann cell-like cells.
The fate of NSCs is largely based on the delicate balance between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Extracellular matrix contains important components that regulate the different aspects of NSCs. An optimal biomaterial may capitalize on this information to produce scaffolds to support the survival and differentiation of NSCs for regenerative approaches. In a recent report, Li et al. examined three different biomaterials, chitosan membranes, collagen gels, and chitosan-collagen membranes, and compared the effects of those materials on the survival, proliferation and differentiation of rat NSCs. Among the three, chitosan-collagen membranes seemed to show the best effect in supporting the survival and neuronal production from rat NSCs[15].
It has long been debatable whether functional neurons may be derived from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The key issue has always been whether the neuron-like cells derived from MSCs demonstrate the electrophysiological properties of nerve cells[16-17]. Ge et al. tried to specifically direct BMSCs isolated from rhesus monkeys towards cholinergic neurons[18]. The authors compared four different conditions for neuronal differentiation, basal medium (bFGF and forskolin), basal medium+sonic hedgehog (SHH), basal medium +retinoic acid (RA), and basal medium+SHH+RA, and demonstrated that SHH+RA inducing group showed neuronal resting membrane potential and expressed high levels of synapsin and acetylcholine. However, in this study, the membrane potential was only tested by using a fluorescent dye DiBAC4. The whole cell clamp technique could have been used to more directly and accurately measure the membrane potential and analyze other electrophysiological properties of the resulting cells.
4 Research on mesenchymal stem cells
MSCs are stem cells that can self-renew and differentiate into mesodermal lineages including chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteocytes. Due to their low immunogenicity and easy access from tissues such as bone marrow and adipose tissue, MSCs hold great promise in prospective clinical applications[19-20]. In the study reported by Qiu et al.[21], an alternative source material, placenta, was used to obtain MSCs. Human placenta-derived stem cells (hPDSCs) resemble MSCs in terms of surface marker expression and the differentiation potentials. hPDSCs possess a high proliferative ability and can be induced into type Ⅱ collagen-expressing chondrocytes. When seeded into collagen sponges, followed by introduction into nude mice, hPDSCs could develop into cartilage tissues in vivo, suggesting a potential utility in repair of cartilage defects.
It has been shown that bone marrow derived stem cells participate in the regeneration process after myocardium infarction, possibly by increasing growth factor production and/or decreasing proinflammatory cytokine production, rather than a direct replacement of the damaged cardiomyocytes[22-23]. Treatment with estrogen prior to MSC infusion leads to a better recovery from myocardium infarction, compared with non-treated MSC group. Estrogen treatment can significantly augment the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from MSCs. Hu et al. also found that estrogen treatment can markedly reduce the apoptosis and increase the viability and proliferation of MSCs[22], indicating that ex vivo treatment with estrogen may maximize the clinical potential of MSCs for repair of ischemic myocardium.
MSCs also have great potentials for treating disorders of the immune system. Shi's lab looked into the underlying mechanisms of the immunosuppressive effects of MSCs and found that priming with pro-inflammatory cytokines is necessary for MSCs to exert immunosuppressive functions[24]. Upon stimulation, MSCs secrete chemokines to attract immune cells into the proximity to MSCs, and suppress the immune functions through both cell-cell contact and soluble factors, with nitric oxide or indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase being key mediators in mouse MSCs and human MSCs, respectively.

Abstract:Alongside the increasing of CO2 released, greenhouse effect on earth became more and more serious over the past century, finally resulted in global warming and sea level rise. To solve the environment problems came from greenhouse effect, scientists around the world carried out many research projects on the globle carbon cycle. Compared with other continents such as Europe and America, East Asia may have more ecological importance in the study of global carbon cycle. In 2007, an international joint research project (the A3 Foresight Program), aiming to investigate the carbon sources and sinks in East Asia, was launched, which is founded by the national foundations of China, Japan and South Korea. To reflect the main outcomes in the past three years from this program, the journal Science China Life Science published a special issue "Carbon Budget in East Asian Ecosystem" in 2010 (Vol. 53, No. 7, 2010). This issue contains 14 contributions categorized into 4 parts, including carbon stocks and their regional variations, changes in carbon sources and sinks for different forest ecosystems, carbon stocks and changes in grassland and farmland ecosystems, and new approaches to carbon cycle research. The main points and significations of these articles are comprehensively commentated.

Abstract:One of the most important properties of a stimulus is its location. The behavioral studies indicate that animals can perceive odor locations by comparing the time/concentration differences produced at the two nostrils. However, it is still controversial that the olfactory bulb, which is the first center in olfactory pathway, has the ability to encode the odor location information. To clarify the debate, we compared the responses of 84 mitral cells to three different odor stimulation modes in present study: odor to ipsilateral nose only, to contralateral nose only, and to both noses with the contralateral stimulation preceding the ipsilateral. We found that 29 cells showed excitatory responses to ipsilateral odor stimulation, and 18 of them showed no response to contralateral stimulation. However, the presence of the contralateral odor stimulation could significantly suppress the responses elicited by ipsilateral odor stimulation. In addition, 50 of the 84 cells showed no response when the ipsilateral or contralateral odor stimulation presented alone, but 11 of them showed excitatory responses when the odor stimulation presented to both noses with contralateral stimulation preceding the ipsilateral. The results indicate that the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb have the ability to encode the time difference of the odor arriving at the two nostrils, and that the contralateral odor stimulation can enhance the response through unknown neuronal pathways.

Abstract:Hippocampus is involved in the memory encoding and retrieval, and its ability is influenced by the incoming events which match or mismatch the stored representation. Previous fMRI studies have reported that goal match enhancement, a component of working memory involving object identity and location, significantly activates the posterior hippocampus. However, information regarding the timing of this process is limited. In the current study, facilitated by the high spatial and temporal resolution of intracranial recording from human patients, we confirmed that the left posterior hippocampus plays an important role in the goal match enhancement effect. We also found that this effect occurs within 600 to 650 milliseconds of probe onset, about 200 ms later than perceptual effects such as the physical match enhancement effect or the P300. More specifically, within individuals, goal match enhancement latency is positively correlated with mean reaction time. The results suggest that the hippocampus plays an important role in working memory in tasks involving feature-location binding. The results further suggest that goal match enhancement effects occur after perceptual processes, implying a dissociation of different working memory components in the hippocampus.

Abstract:Despite growing concern about electromagnetic radiation, the biological effects of the frequency magnetic fields remain obscure. The cortical neurons isolated from the mice were exposed to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field (EMF 1 mT, 5 mT, 10 mT) for 15 min. Using the whole-cell patch clamp technique, the currents of the transient outward potassium channel were recorded off-line, and then the effects of EMF on the channels were investigated. Compared to the control group, a significant inhibition on the I_A was reported, and the rate of inhibition were (63.0 ± 2.2)% (1 mT), (55.0 ± 1.7)% (5 mT), (38.0 ± 1.8)% (10 mT), respectively. Moreover, the characteristics of activation and inactivation were both influenced by EMF, because there were a decreasing both on the half activation voltage and the half inactivation voltage. Additionally, different effects on the channels had been found for the different intensities. In the research, the maximum inhibition rate of current was induced by 1 mT, and the changing of the half activation voltage and the half inactivation voltage were the biggest after exposure to 5 mT, and 10 mT EMF increased the slope factor of inactivation. The results indicated that EMF affected the conformational changes of ion channel protein on cell membrane, and further influenced the normal function of ion channels.

Abstract:This paper intends to find out the molecule marker of the progress of proteomics in colonic mucosa from sub-healthy people with constipation, so as to provide theoretical basis for the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in sub-healthy people with constipation. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to separate the total proteins of sub-healthy people with constipation and those of the healthy volunteers. ImageMaster 2D Elite soft was applied to analyze 2-DE images. Finally, the differential protein spots between the two groups were identified by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF), based on matrix-assisted laser desorption /ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI -TOF-MS) and searching in database. A reproducible 2-DE pattern in colonic mucosa of sub-healthy people with constipation and the healthy volunteers was established. There were 501.00±37.16 in the average gel of people with constipation, and 536.00±41.63 in the healthy volunteers. There were 46.00±7.82 differentially expressed protein spots in average between the two groups. Then 20 spots, that were significantly differentially expressed, were picked for identification, and 17 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, in which seven decreased significantly while ten increased significantly. Some of those proteins participated in protein synthesis and degradation, or chaperone, or adjust oxidoreduction, while some were involved in signal transduction. Some differentially expressed proteins: β-actin, YWHAZ and PBP-Ⅰ (phosphatidylethanolamine- binding protein Ⅰ) were further confirmed by Western blot analysis and researched for clinical application. The proteomic expression in colonic mucosa of people with constipation is significantly different from that of the healthy volunteer controls. β-Actin and YWHAZ protein are down-regulated, and PBP-Ⅰ protein is up-regulated, which may be associated with the pathogenesis of constipation. Proper intervention on this stage can promote the transition from sub-healthy status to healthy status.

Abstract:To explore the effects of tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside(TSG) on the apoptosis of HUVEC cells and its mechanisms induced by H₂O₂. The models of apoptosis induced by H₂O₂ in HUVEC and the concentrations of TSG on apoptosis model were established via MTT, Hoechst33258 staining, and Flow Cytometry. The expression of Caspase-3 and PARP was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Compared with control group, the viability of cells is decreased and the apoptosis ratios is increased with increased concentration of H₂O₂(P < 0.01) respectively. And the group of 300 μmol/L H₂O₂ inhibited the cell proliferation, increased the number of apoptotic cells significantly. The viability of cells is increased and the apoptosis of HUVECs is decreased after pretreated with different concentration of TSG. According to the MTT and Flow Cytometry, the optimal concentration for H₂O₂ to establish apoptosis model and for TSG to protect HUVECs induced by H₂O₂ were 300 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L respectively. Compared with the control group, the group of 300 μmol/L H₂O₂ inhibited the cell proliferation, increased the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of Caspase-3 significantly. Compared with H₂O₂ group, 10 μmol/L of TSG improved the rate of cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis, and decreased the expressions of the Caspase-3 and PARP significantly (P < 0.01). These results indicate that TSG can inhibit H₂O₂-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and its mechanism may relate to the down-regulation of Caspase-3 and PARP expression.

Abstract:Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM), an important member of RecQ family of DNA helicases, participates in cell metabolism including DNA repair, recombination, transcription, telomere maintenance, and plays key roles in maintaining chromosome stability. The mutation of BLM helicase may lead to Bloom syndrome. Bloom syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by genomic instability and the early development of many types of cancer. Lomefloxacin (LMX) may treat many diseases by inhibiting many enzymes in cells and interfering DNA metabolism through binding DNA, but the specific mechanism of action remains unclear. This study was conducted to determine the effects of LMX on DNA-binding activity, helicase activity, and ATPase activity of BLM^642～1290 helicase by fluorescence polarized technology and free phosphorus assay technology; and the parameters of binding between LMX and helicase were studied by fluorescence and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, included binding constants, number of binding sites, the type of acting force, and binding distance. The results indicated that the reaction between the helicase and LMX was occurred spontaneously, there was one binding site between two molecules, the helicase and LMX might compound BLM-LMX complexes caused by electrostatic force and hydrophobic interaction force; moreover, the intrinsic fluorescence of the helicase was static quenched by LMX as a result of non-radioactive energy transfer. In this process, the helicase and ATPase activities were inhibited and DNA-binding activity of the helicase was promoted by LMX. The mechanism of effects of LMX on biological properties of BLM helicase may be included as below: LMX could inhibit the ATPase activity by allosteric mechanism and stabilize the conformation of the enzyme in low helicase activity state, destroy the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to unwinding, and inhibit the unwinding dsDNA by blocking helicase translocation. The reason that LMX could promote DNA-binding activity of the helicase may be the substitutional functional groups at C-6 and C-7 of LMX which may enhance enzymes activity and strengthen the attachment of drug-enzyme-DNA complex. The results may provide the relative theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of DNA helicase as drug target and understanding the mechanism of action of quinolone drugs.

Abstract:Finite element method (FEM) models have been developed. Here a loading is applied and the stress distribution is detected, and then a comparative study is carried out under different conditions. Data are provided to optimize the design of CCB hip prosthesis. FEM models of femur and CCB hip prosthesis are established; the condition of monopod support is imitated and the stress distributions are detected and compared under different conditions using three-dimension finite element analysis software Ansys5.7. The data are treated with SPSS Statistics 17.0 and presented in line chart. Result showed that (1) Connection by cancellous bone will increase stresses around the hole; (2) Holes on the lateral side can lower the maximum stress on the lateral side slightly; (3) Shortening the length of the prosthesis can enlarge the biomechanical effect of the design; (4) Stress around the lower hole is always higher than the upper one, and the direction of the force in the corresponding position basically remains the same.