Abstract:筑巢引凤产出高水平成果 凝练文化创建一流研究所

Abstract:光辉历程 恢弘篇章 ——纪念中国科学院生物物理研究所成立60周年

Abstract:ILCs (innate lymphoid cells), new members of innate immunity, have been discovered over last ten years. According to transcription factors they express and cytokines they secret, ILCs can be divided into different groups. Common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLPs) in bone marrow can differentiate into α-lymphoid progenitors (αLP), early innate lymphoid progenitor (EILP), common helper ILC progenitor (CHILP), helper ILC progenitor (ILCP) gradually and finally generate mature ILCs. ILCs receive signal from environment through interacting with nerve cells, epithelial cells, stromal cells, adaptive immune cells, myeloid cells, microbiota and can participate in a lot of biological processes such as pathogen infection, chronic inflammation disease, organogenesis, tissue repair, cancer, metabolism and circadian rhythm. In some cases, ILCs play a redundant role which tell us ILCs may be selected as new therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on innate lymphoid cells including their classification, development and differentiation, interaction with other cells, biological processes, therapeutic strategy and future prospects.

Abstract:Lots of researches have indicated wide physiological and pharmacological effects of plant derived natural flavonoids. Daily intake of flavonoids can prevent various diseases. Naringenin is an abundant flavonoid compound in daily food and drinks like fruits, vegetables, nuts, coffee, tea and wine, which can be more easily absorbed by intestines compared to other flavonoids. Since 2004 we have been interested in naringenin due to its superior bioavailability, and then have investigated its immunomodulatory effects with interdisciplinary sciences. The present review will mainly discuss about the recent updates of naringenin as a novel immunomodulator in immune deregulated settings.

Abstract:Aging is a process of gradual functional deterioration at the cellular and organismal level. Progeroid syndromes represent a group of rare genetic disorders with features of premature aging. Werner syndrome (WS) and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) are two of the best characterized human progeroid syndromes. The study of premature aging is helpful to understand the physiological processes of human aging and is useful for the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases. This review focuses on the mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions of these two progeroid diseases.

Abstract:Photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) is an important supramolecular complex located in the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Powered by the energy harvested from light, PSⅡ carries out energy conversion through charge separation in the reaction center, drives the primary electron transport process and splits water molecules into oxygen and protons under ambient temperature and pressure. At the peripheral region of plant PSⅡ, there is a pool of major and minor light harvesting complexes Ⅱ (LHCⅡ) responsible for absorbing light energy and transferring excitation energy to PSⅡ. They are also involved in the regulation of light harvesting through the non-photochemical quenching and state-transition processes. In recent years, tremendous progresses have been made in structural biology studies of plant PSⅡ-LHCⅡ supercomplexes. Here we review the history and latest progresses concerning the structures of PSⅡ, LHCⅡ and the PSⅡ-LHCⅡ supercomplexes, and discuss the perspectives for future research.

Abstract:Transcranial electrical stimulation as a non-invasive approach has been widely used in recent studies to explore the casual relationship between neural activity and cognitive brain functions, such as action, perception, attention and memory. In this paper, we reviewed the interacting neural mechanisms of tES with ongoing brain activity, and its modulation effects on perception and cognition. Finally, we discussed future directions for tES research.

Abstract:Cryogenic super-resolution correlative light and electron microscopy (csCLEM)has been rapidly developed in recent years. This imaging methodology combines the specific labeling of fluorescence microscopy and the ultra-high resolution of electron microscopy, providing a new tool for resolving cellular structures in situ. It has the potential to become the next generation of imaging method. In this article, csCLEM was reviewd based on its historical background, application fields, development prospects, etc.

Abstract:As one of the animal models of depression learned helplessness (LH) has been studied more widely and intensively in recent decades. After establishing research models using different species, including dogs, rodents and also Drosophila, findings in behaviors and neural circuitry provide many new insights in the phenomenon LH. By reviewing the findings of LH and important research results in rodents and Drosophila, also prospecting research directions in the future, this article could give readers a whole picture of field LH.

Abstract:Type Ⅰ interferons (IFN-Ⅰs) are essential for antiviral immune responses and have been developed for the treatment of various viral infections. However, the roles of IFN-Ⅰs in HIV infection remain elusive. Recent data from HIV-infected humanized mice show that IFN-Ⅰs play both protective role by suppressing HIV replication and detrimental role by inhibiting anti-HIV immune responses. Administration of IFN-Ⅰ receptor (IFNAR)blocking antibody in the presence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) rescues anti-HIV immune responses and delays HIV rebound upon the cessation of antiviral drugs. Thus，IFN-Ⅰs provide a potential target for the development of novo drugs treating HIV infection.

Abstract:Eukaryotic DNA that carries the genetic code is packaged into the chromatin．The dynamic structure of chromatin controls the accessibility of DNA in processes of DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and DNA damage repair．Histone, a fundamental component of chromatin, plays a central role in regulating the chromatin structure owing to its ability to introduce a large variety of histone variants and modifications．Compared to other core histones (H2B, H3 and H4), H2A type of histone contains the largest number of variants which increase the compositional and structural diversity of nucleosome and chromatin．A number of histone chaperones recognize and assist the H2A-H2B type of histones for their folding, modification, transportation, incorporation, and eviction．Here, we reviewed the recent progress in the molecular mechanisms by which histone chaperones recognize the H2A-H2B type of histones and function in control of the chromatin dynamics．

Abstract:Hyaluronic acid, an important component of extracellular matrix, is up-regulated in intestinal injury to promote wound healing. Here we investigated the roles of hyaluronic acid on different enteritis or intestinal infection models and found that oral administration of hyaluronic acid improved the ability of mice to control the infection of pathogen, including Listeria monocytogenes, Citrobacter rodentium and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. These results indicate that hyaluronic acid protects host from gastric infection.