Abstract:CAR-T therapy is a novel therapy to treat tumors. It has realized the precise treatment of tumors by transforming the modified CAR gene into patients’ self T cells, driving the T cells expressing specific antibodies which are able to bind surface antigens to tumors. CAR-T has been in its fourth generation since put forward. This therapy exists both certain effects and risks in blood tumors as well as solid tumors but exposes some difficulty waited to be solved. In this review, we describe the treatment and existing problems of CAR-T therapy in blood tumors and solid tumors.

Abstract:Cells in the same tissue often have similar structures and functions. However, it is found that each cell is heterogeneous by sequencing cells. Single-cell whole-genome amplification technology is the premise of single-cell sequencing. This technology can be used to reveal the differences of single-cell genomic structures and it also plays an important role in tumor research, developmental biology, and microbial research, and it has already become one of hotspots in life science research technology. The difficulty of single-cell whole genome amplification techniques lies in the isolation of single cells and the amplification of whole genomes. This paper introduces the popular single-cell separation technology and single-cell whole genome amplification technology and also compares the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. The application of the technology in tumor research, developmental biology and microbiology research was also emphatically discussed.

Abstract:Ferroferric oxide ，a respresentative of biomedical magnetic nanomaterials, have shown great potential in nanomedicine because of their unique size-dependent properties, easy surface functionalization and good biocompatibility. Recently, great progress in this field has been achieved in materials design and biomedical applications, especially, the iron oxide nanomaterials can be used as intelligent materials to mediate the external field. To highlight these achievements, here we discuss the biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic force controlled biological effect, magnetotheranostics and nanozymes. With the quick development in nanomedicine, magnetic nanoparticles-based diagnostics and therapeutics are believed to play vital roles in tackling major disease in the future.

Abstract:Hyperthermia is a major method for cancer treatment besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It has been increasingly applied to prostate cancer, brain tumors, etc. in preclinical and/or clinical. In this review, we discuss the physical mechanism, influencing factors of magnetothermal effect, and biologic effects of current magnetic hyperthermia treatment using iron oxides nanoparticles.

Abstract:The relationship between protein post-translational modification and autophagy has become a hot topic in recent years. A series of proteins are required to participate in the process of autophagy. Protein acetylation has been demonstrated to emerge as the main regulator to autophagy. In this paper, we reviewed related findings from two perspectives. On one hand, the role of protein acetylation on autophagy has been discussed, mainly including histones, transcription factors and most of enzymes to regulate the level of AcCoA. On the other hand, we presented the advancement with the acetylome profile in the process of autophagy. Acetylase and deacetylase are the main enzymes to be responsible for protein acetylation. The relationship between these enzymes and their substrates merited to be intensively investigated in the future studies. All of data would be very valuable to explore the mechanism with autophagy.

Abstract:Emotional mimicry is defined as the tendency to imitate emotional expression of another people, which is more restricted by the social relational context than behavior imitation. Based on the perception-behavior link, the Motor Match Hypothesis proposed that Mirror Neuron System (MNS) is the core mechanism of emotional mimicry. However, more and more researchers argued that emotional mimicry is not a simple kind of behavioral imitation, proposing the Emotion Mimicry in Context View, emphasizing on the importance of social context, such as the relationship between actor and observer. What important is the activation of the MNS alone is not sufficient to explain the social dimension of facial mimicry. In addition to neural activation in brain regions attributed to the MNS, the multiple neuroimaging studies provided evidence for the activation of limbic system, motor system and brain regions involved in social evaluation and cognitive control processes. Meanwhile, emotional mimicry accepts the modulation by endocrine such as testosterone and oxytocin. Build upon previous studies, present research summarized the neural network involving in emotional mimicry and endocrine factors modulating the neural activity, introducing recent neuroendocrine models to show the neural pathway of emotional mimicry. Finally, studies in the future should provide support for neuroendocrine models and expand to the field of hyperscanning.

Abstract:To explore the effect and mechanisms of cytoplasmic M-CSF on glucose metabolism in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, MCF-7 cells stable expressing cytoplasmic M-CSF were constructed. Relative ATP content was measured by ATP assay kit, glucose was measured using glucose assay kit and lactate was measured using lactate acid assay kit. The expression of HK2, PKM2 and GLUT-1 in three kinds of cell with LY294002 or API-2 was detected by West-blotting. The sensitivity of MCF-7 and MCF-7-M cells to 5-FU with the treatment of ATP depletion by 3-BrPA was observed by MTT assay. It was found that the ATP level of MCF-7-M cells was significantly higher than that of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05); 2-DG decreases the ATP level of MCF-7 and MCF-7-M cells, and the effect of lowering the ATP level of MCF-7-M cells is more obvious (P<0.01). The glucose uptake and lactate secretion of MCF-7-M cells were significantly higher than those of MCF-7 cells (P<0.01). After the treatment with API-2, the glucose consumption and lactate secretion of MCF-7 and MCF-7-M cells were significantly reduced (P<0.01). The expressions of GLUT-1, HK2 and PKM2 in MCF-7-M cells were significantly higher than those in MCF-7 cells (P<0.01). Both LY294002 and API-2 inhibited the expression of GLUT-1 in MCF-7-M cells (P<0.05). After the treatment with 3-BrPA, the drug sensitivity of MCF-7-M and MCF-7 cells to 5- FU was significantly enhanced (P<0.01). In conclusion, cytoplasmic M-CSF activates glycolysis by induce GLUT-1, HK2 and PKM2 protein expression in MCF-7 cells; PI3K/AKT signaling involves the pathway that glycolysis was activated by cytoplasmic M-CSF in MCF-7 cells.

Abstract:Chromatin interaction is the basis of eukaryotic genome assembly and plays an important role in regulating cell-specific expression of eukaryotic genes. The formation of chromatin interactions is associated with specific proteins. It has been suggested that CTCF and adhesion proteins are associated with chromatin interactions, but it is still unclear whether other proteins are involved in chromatin interactions. In this paper, we integrated Hi-C and ChIP-seq data to mine transcription factors related to chromatin interaction in both GM12878 and K562 cell lines, and performed the functional analysis of discovered transcription factors. We found that RUNX3, SPI1 and other transcription factors may also be involved in chromatin interaction in chromatin sites where interaction occurs frequently. In addition, using the data mining method of FP-growth, we found that multiple transcription factors may cooperate to participate in chromatin interaction. Our findings will provide prior knowledge for the development of chromatin interaction experiments.

Abstract:Bacterial small regulatory RNAs could influence the translation and/or mRNA degradation by binding with target mRNA. It is helpful to reveal the regulatory mechanism of bacterial post-transcriptional level for knowing quantitative and localization information of bacterial small RNA(sRNA). Small RNA SgrS is participated in the stress process of bacterial glucose phosphate metabolism by inhibiting ptsG mRNA translation initiation.In this study, Escherichia coli intracellular sRNA SgrS was located visually by smFISH method and super-resolution microscopy technology, and the effects of chaperone Hfq protein and RNase E degrading enzyme on the localization of sRNA SgrS were verified preliminarily. Over-expression of SgrS in E. coli model strain MG1655 (wild strain), sgrS knockout strain (△sgrS) and over-expression strain (△sgrS-pBAD-SgrS) were validated by Northern blot and smFISH methods. sRNA SgrS and ptsG mRNA were located respectively in the wild-type strain, the hfq knockout strain (△hfq) and the rne knockout strain (△rne-710) by smFISH method. Comparing with the wild-type strain, SgrS was mainly located nearby cell membrane, ptsG mRNA was located in bacterial cytoplasm in △hfq and △rne-710 strains by super-resolution imaging, and the copy numbers of both RNA were significantly increased (P＜0.01). These results suggest that the expression levels of SgrS and ptsG mRNA were increased significantly in hfq knockout E. coli and rne-710 knockout E. coli. Integrated application of smFISH method and super-resolution technology found a highly sensitive detection method for the intuitive quantification and localization of bacterial RNA, which can be used for the research of gene regulation functional.