Revised manuscripts are required to use the manuscript template of the journal for typesetting, with A4 specification and single-column layout. The manuscript template can be downloaded from the journal’s website http://www.pibb.ac.cn/pibben/site/menu/20250328171849001.

Figures

Both color and black-and-white images are acceptable. The journal encourages authors to use color figures, and will provide the maximum discount on publication fees.

Images should be provided as separate high-resolution files with editable layers (allowing for text and graphic modifications). The resolution should be greater than 300 dpi, with EPS as the preferred format, followed by TIFF and PPT.

All images must be cited in the main text and numbered sequentially according to their order of appearance.

Each image must include a figure number, title, and a detailed legend to ensure clarity. If a figure consists of multiple panels (e.g., three subfigures), each should be labeled with lowercase English letters ((a), (b), (c), …).

For graphs, axis labels should follow standard physical quantities and legal measurement unit symbols.

Photographic images should be clear, well-contrasted, and properly graded. Microscopy and electron microscopy images must include the actual magnification or a scale bar, which should be directly embedded in the image.

Protein and nucleic acid sequences represented by single-letter abbreviations must be added as editable text within the image, rather than being embedded as part of the graphic.

Tables

Text tables should be formatted as three-line tables (without vertical lines).

All tables must be cited in the main text and numbered sequentially according to their order of appearance..

Each table must include a table number and title above it, with a detailed legend below to ensure clarity.

Equations

      Equations should be created using Microsoft Office Word’s built-in Equation Editor or the MathType plugin. Do not insert equations as images.